Ear infections in dogs and cats are a common issue–especially during the summer and seasonal transitions–and can lead to discomfort and irritation if left untreated. The ear is a prime location for infections because bacteria and yeast thrive in warm, moist environments. The ear’s natural microbiome, skin turnover, and overall health can be disrupted by various factors, leading to infections.

Common Causes of Ear Infections in Dogs & Cats

“The primary culprits behind ear infections in pets often stem from allergies, whether related to food or the environment. Many dogs with allergic skin conditions are prone to developing ear infections, so identifying and managing these allergens can help prevent recurrent issues,” says Laura Weis, DVM, CVH, and owner of Green Acres Pet Resort in DeForest, WI.

Additionally, the shape and structure of the ear canal play a significant role in a pet’s susceptibility to infection. Certain dog breeds, particularly brachycephalic breeds such as Bulldogs or Frenchies, have ear canals that are more prone to infection due to their conformation. These breeds often have narrower or more complex ear canals, making them harder to clean and more vulnerable to chronic infections.

For cats, ear infections tend to occur less frequently, but when they do, treatment can be more challenging. Ear infections may be due to parasites such as ear mites. There are fewer medications specifically designed for feline ear infections, and cats are often less cooperative during exams and treatment, especially if they’re already uncomfortable.

Recognizing the Signs of Ear Infections

Both dogs and cats produce ear wax, but an excessive buildup accompanied by a foul odor can be a warning sign of an infection. Other signs to watch for include frequent head-shaking, persistent scratching, or visible inflammation around the ears.

“A healthy ear should smell neutral. Any strong, unpleasant odor could indicate a problem that requires veterinary attention,” adds Dr. Weis.

Preventive Measures

A proactive approach to ear health can reduce the risk of infections. One simple step is ensuring your pet is on flea and tick prevention, which can help eliminate mites as a potential cause of infection. It’s essential to consult with your veterinarian before using any over-the-counter products.

When an ear infection is suspected, it’s critical to see a veterinarian for a proper diagnosis.

“Improper treatment could worsen the condition, especially if the eardrum is damaged, so if you suspect an ear infection, contact your veterinarian. Regular checkups and ear cleaning are key to reducing the chance of infection,” emphasizes Dr. Weis.

A vet will typically swab the ear canal and examine the sample under a microscope to identify any overgrowth of yeast or bacteria. Depending on the severity, treatment options may include medicated cleansers or oral medications to reduce inflammation.

Importance of Follow-Up

After the initial treatment, follow-up care is vital to ensure the infection has fully cleared. Even when the ear looks healthy, residual issues can persist at a cellular level. A follow-up exam allows your vet to confirm that the infection is completely resolved and determine if additional treatment is necessary.

Ear infections, while not the most exciting topic, are a significant concern for pets. Much like how humans remember the pain of an ear infection, our pets can experience the same discomfort. Proper care and timely treatment are essential for keeping their ears healthy and infection-free.